Monthly Archives: December 2020

How to play Roblox on Linux

Etc

I used to play Roblox with my kids from my Linux-based (Ubuntu) laptop – by having a virtual machine set up (on VirtualBox) with Windows, and play there. Of course it’s slow, but I still CAN play.

However one day Roblox decided to disable playing from Virtual Machine. And there goes my little bit of happiness with my children.

One day I found this article about using Steam Link to enable remote access to a Windows desktop, and it got me an idea – can I use this trick to play Roblox again from my laptop?

So I setup Google Chrome to be streamable from my gaming computer on my house’s second floor – and voila, it showed up in my Steam account indeed !

By invoking Google Chrome on my Steam app on Linux – then I can browse to Roblox.com, and then play all the games there.

Mission accomplished !

Use Steam to Stream Your Desktop Instead of Your Games : https://lifehacker.com/use-steam-to-stream-your-desktop-instead-of-your-games-1818722875

Setup OpenVPN Server on Proxmox LXC

Open-Source, Teknoblogia

I needed to do this, but all the tutorials that I could find are incomplete, or already outdated, such as this.

After hacking around for a while, here’s how to correctly setup OpenVPN server in a container on Proxmox:

(btw if you just need to setup an OpenVPN Server in a normal server / non-container, then just do the “in container” part below)

IN HOST

# create special device "tun" for OpenVPN
mkdir -p /devcontainer/net
mknod /devcontainer/net/tun c 10 200
chown 100000:100000 /devcontainer/net/tun

# enable your container to use that tun device
# change 124 into your container's number : pct list
echo "lxc.mount.entry: /devcontainer/net dev/net none bind,create=dir" >> /etc/pve/lxc/124.conf

# forward OpenVPN traffic to your container's IP address
# change 10.10.60.6 to your container's IP address
iptables -t nat -A PREROUTING -i vmbr0 -p tcp -m tcp --dport 1194 -j DNAT --to-destination 10.10.60.6:1194

iptables -t nat -A PREROUTING -i vmbr0 -p udp -m udp --dport 1194 -j DNAT --to-destination 10.10.60.6:1194

iptables -t nat -A PREROUTING -i vmbr1 -p tcp -m tcp --dport 53 -j DNAT --to-destination 10.10.60.6:53

# save iptables's rule
iptables-save > /etc/iptables.rules

IN CONTAINER

# execute the automated OpenVPN installation script 
mkdir /root/scripts
cd /root/scripts

wget git.io/vpn --no-check-certificate -O openvpn-install.sh ; chmod +x openvpn-install.sh ; ./openvpn-install.sh
 
# if you'd like to change the default 10.8.0.xxx IP address, do this :
# vi openvpn-install.sh
# :%s/10.8.0/10.88.0/g

# setup NAT, so the OpenVPN clients can connect to the internet 
# while connected to this OpenVPN server
iptables -I POSTROUTING -t nat -s 10.88.0.0/24 -j MASQUERADE

# save iptables's rule
iptables-save > /etc/iptables.rules

After executing the /root/scripts/openvpn-install.sh script , it will result in a file with ovpn extension

Download that to your computer / client,
install OpenVPN client,
and use that ovpn file as the configuration

Enjoy !

In case that very helpful OpenVPN Server install script suddenly disappear, here it is :

#!/bin/bash
#
# https://github.com/Nyr/openvpn-install
#
# Copyright (c) 2013 Nyr. Released under the MIT License.


# Detect Debian users running the script with "sh" instead of bash
if readlink /proc/$$/exe | grep -q "dash"; then
	echo 'This installer needs to be run with "bash", not "sh".'
	exit
fi

# Discard stdin. Needed when running from an one-liner which includes a newline
read -N 999999 -t 0.001

# Detect OpenVZ 6
if [[ $(uname -r | cut -d "." -f 1) -eq 2 ]]; then
	echo "The system is running an old kernel, which is incompatible with this installer."
	exit
fi

# Detect OS
# $os_version variables aren't always in use, but are kept here for convenience
if grep -qs "ubuntu" /etc/os-release; then
	os="ubuntu"
	os_version=$(grep 'VERSION_ID' /etc/os-release | cut -d '"' -f 2 | tr -d '.')
	group_name="nogroup"
elif [[ -e /etc/debian_version ]]; then
	os="debian"
	os_version=$(grep -oE '[0-9]+' /etc/debian_version | head -1)
	group_name="nogroup"
elif [[ -e /etc/centos-release ]]; then
	os="centos"
	os_version=$(grep -oE '[0-9]+' /etc/centos-release | head -1)
	group_name="nobody"
elif [[ -e /etc/fedora-release ]]; then
	os="fedora"
	os_version=$(grep -oE '[0-9]+' /etc/fedora-release | head -1)
	group_name="nobody"
else
	echo "This installer seems to be running on an unsupported distribution.
Supported distributions are Ubuntu, Debian, CentOS, and Fedora."
	exit
fi

if [[ "$os" == "ubuntu" && "$os_version" -lt 1804 ]]; then
	echo "Ubuntu 18.04 or higher is required to use this installer.
This version of Ubuntu is too old and unsupported."
	exit
fi

if [[ "$os" == "debian" && "$os_version" -lt 9 ]]; then
	echo "Debian 9 or higher is required to use this installer.
This version of Debian is too old and unsupported."
	exit
fi

if [[ "$os" == "centos" && "$os_version" -lt 7 ]]; then
	echo "CentOS 7 or higher is required to use this installer.
This version of CentOS is too old and unsupported."
	exit
fi

# Detect environments where $PATH does not include the sbin directories
if ! grep -q sbin <<< "$PATH"; then
	echo '$PATH does not include sbin. Try using "su -" instead of "su".'
	exit
fi

if [[ "$EUID" -ne 0 ]]; then
	echo "This installer needs to be run with superuser privileges."
	exit
fi

if [[ ! -e /dev/net/tun ]] || ! ( exec 7<>/dev/net/tun ) 2>/dev/null; then
	echo "The system does not have the TUN device available.
TUN needs to be enabled before running this installer."
	exit
fi

new_client () {
	# Generates the custom client.ovpn
	{
	cat /etc/openvpn/server/client-common.txt
	echo "<ca>"
	cat /etc/openvpn/server/easy-rsa/pki/ca.crt
	echo "</ca>"
	echo "<cert>"
	sed -ne '/BEGIN CERTIFICATE/,$ p' /etc/openvpn/server/easy-rsa/pki/issued/"$client".crt
	echo "</cert>"
	echo "<key>"
	cat /etc/openvpn/server/easy-rsa/pki/private/"$client".key
	echo "</key>"
	echo "<tls-crypt>"
	sed -ne '/BEGIN OpenVPN Static key/,$ p' /etc/openvpn/server/tc.key
	echo "</tls-crypt>"
	} > ~/"$client".ovpn
}

if [[ ! -e /etc/openvpn/server/server.conf ]]; then
	clear
	echo 'Welcome to this OpenVPN road warrior installer!'
	# If system has a single IPv4, it is selected automatically. Else, ask the user
	if [[ $(ip -4 addr | grep inet | grep -vEc '127(\.[0-9]{1,3}){3}') -eq 1 ]]; then
		ip=$(ip -4 addr | grep inet | grep -vE '127(\.[0-9]{1,3}){3}' | cut -d '/' -f 1 | grep -oE '[0-9]{1,3}(\.[0-9]{1,3}){3}')
	else
		number_of_ip=$(ip -4 addr | grep inet | grep -vEc '127(\.[0-9]{1,3}){3}')
		echo
		echo "Which IPv4 address should be used?"
		ip -4 addr | grep inet | grep -vE '127(\.[0-9]{1,3}){3}' | cut -d '/' -f 1 | grep -oE '[0-9]{1,3}(\.[0-9]{1,3}){3}' | nl -s ') '
		read -p "IPv4 address [1]: " ip_number
		until [[ -z "$ip_number" || "$ip_number" =~ ^[0-9]+$ && "$ip_number" -le "$number_of_ip" ]]; do
			echo "$ip_number: invalid selection."
			read -p "IPv4 address [1]: " ip_number
		done
		[[ -z "$ip_number" ]] && ip_number="1"
		ip=$(ip -4 addr | grep inet | grep -vE '127(\.[0-9]{1,3}){3}' | cut -d '/' -f 1 | grep -oE '[0-9]{1,3}(\.[0-9]{1,3}){3}' | sed -n "$ip_number"p)
	fi
	# If $ip is a private IP address, the server must be behind NAT
	if echo "$ip" | grep -qE '^(10\.|172\.1[6789]\.|172\.2[0-9]\.|172\.3[01]\.|192\.168)'; then
		echo
		echo "This server is behind NAT. What is the public IPv4 address or hostname?"
		# Get public IP and sanitize with grep
		get_public_ip=$(grep -m 1 -oE '^[0-9]{1,3}(\.[0-9]{1,3}){3}$' <<< "$(wget -T 10 -t 1 -4qO- "http://ip1.dynupdate.no-ip.com/" || curl -m 10 -4Ls "http://ip1.dynupdate.no-ip.com/")")
		read -p "Public IPv4 address / hostname [$get_public_ip]: " public_ip
		# If the checkip service is unavailable and user didn't provide input, ask again
		until [[ -n "$get_public_ip" || -n "$public_ip" ]]; do
			echo "Invalid input."
			read -p "Public IPv4 address / hostname: " public_ip
		done
		[[ -z "$public_ip" ]] && public_ip="$get_public_ip"
	fi
	# If system has a single IPv6, it is selected automatically
	if [[ $(ip -6 addr | grep -c 'inet6 [23]') -eq 1 ]]; then
		ip6=$(ip -6 addr | grep 'inet6 [23]' | cut -d '/' -f 1 | grep -oE '([0-9a-fA-F]{0,4}:){1,7}[0-9a-fA-F]{0,4}')
	fi
	# If system has multiple IPv6, ask the user to select one
	if [[ $(ip -6 addr | grep -c 'inet6 [23]') -gt 1 ]]; then
		number_of_ip6=$(ip -6 addr | grep -c 'inet6 [23]')
		echo
		echo "Which IPv6 address should be used?"
		ip -6 addr | grep 'inet6 [23]' | cut -d '/' -f 1 | grep -oE '([0-9a-fA-F]{0,4}:){1,7}[0-9a-fA-F]{0,4}' | nl -s ') '
		read -p "IPv6 address [1]: " ip6_number
		until [[ -z "$ip6_number" || "$ip6_number" =~ ^[0-9]+$ && "$ip6_number" -le "$number_of_ip6" ]]; do
			echo "$ip6_number: invalid selection."
			read -p "IPv6 address [1]: " ip6_number
		done
		[[ -z "$ip6_number" ]] && ip6_number="1"
		ip6=$(ip -6 addr | grep 'inet6 [23]' | cut -d '/' -f 1 | grep -oE '([0-9a-fA-F]{0,4}:){1,7}[0-9a-fA-F]{0,4}' | sed -n "$ip6_number"p)
	fi
	echo
	echo "Which protocol should OpenVPN use?"
	echo "   1) UDP (recommended)"
	echo "   2) TCP"
	read -p "Protocol [1]: " protocol
	until [[ -z "$protocol" || "$protocol" =~ ^[12]$ ]]; do
		echo "$protocol: invalid selection."
		read -p "Protocol [1]: " protocol
	done
	case "$protocol" in
		1|"") 
		protocol=udp
		;;
		2) 
		protocol=tcp
		;;
	esac
	echo
	echo "What port should OpenVPN listen to?"
	read -p "Port [1194]: " port
	until [[ -z "$port" || "$port" =~ ^[0-9]+$ && "$port" -le 65535 ]]; do
		echo "$port: invalid port."
		read -p "Port [1194]: " port
	done
	[[ -z "$port" ]] && port="1194"
	echo
	echo "Select a DNS server for the clients:"
	echo "   1) Current system resolvers"
	echo "   2) Google"
	echo "   3) 1.1.1.1"
	echo "   4) OpenDNS"
	echo "   5) Quad9"
	echo "   6) AdGuard"
	read -p "DNS server [1]: " dns
	until [[ -z "$dns" || "$dns" =~ ^[1-6]$ ]]; do
		echo "$dns: invalid selection."
		read -p "DNS server [1]: " dns
	done
	echo
	echo "Enter a name for the first client:"
	read -p "Name [client]: " unsanitized_client
	# Allow a limited set of characters to avoid conflicts
	client=$(sed 's/[^0123456789abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyzABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ_-]/_/g' <<< "$unsanitized_client")
	[[ -z "$client" ]] && client="client"
	echo
	echo "OpenVPN installation is ready to begin."
	# Install a firewall in the rare case where one is not already available
	if ! systemctl is-active --quiet firewalld.service && ! hash iptables 2>/dev/null; then
		if [[ "$os" == "centos" || "$os" == "fedora" ]]; then
			firewall="firewalld"
			# We don't want to silently enable firewalld, so we give a subtle warning
			# If the user continues, firewalld will be installed and enabled during setup
			echo "firewalld, which is required to manage routing tables, will also be installed."
		elif [[ "$os" == "debian" || "$os" == "ubuntu" ]]; then
			# iptables is way less invasive than firewalld so no warning is given
			firewall="iptables"
		fi
	fi
	read -n1 -r -p "Press any key to continue..."
	# If running inside a container, disable LimitNPROC to prevent conflicts
	if systemd-detect-virt -cq; then
		mkdir /etc/systemd/system/openvpn-server@server.service.d/ 2>/dev/null
		echo "[Service]
LimitNPROC=infinity" > /etc/systemd/system/openvpn-server@server.service.d/disable-limitnproc.conf
	fi
	if [[ "$os" = "debian" || "$os" = "ubuntu" ]]; then
		apt-get update
		apt-get install -y openvpn openssl ca-certificates $firewall
	elif [[ "$os" = "centos" ]]; then
		yum install -y epel-release
		yum install -y openvpn openssl ca-certificates tar $firewall
	else
		# Else, OS must be Fedora
		dnf install -y openvpn openssl ca-certificates tar $firewall
	fi
	# If firewalld was just installed, enable it
	if [[ "$firewall" == "firewalld" ]]; then
		systemctl enable --now firewalld.service
	fi
	# Get easy-rsa
	easy_rsa_url='https://github.com/OpenVPN/easy-rsa/releases/download/v3.0.8/EasyRSA-3.0.8.tgz'
	mkdir -p /etc/openvpn/server/easy-rsa/
	{ wget -qO- "$easy_rsa_url" 2>/dev/null || curl -sL "$easy_rsa_url" ; } | tar xz -C /etc/openvpn/server/easy-rsa/ --strip-components 1
	chown -R root:root /etc/openvpn/server/easy-rsa/
	cd /etc/openvpn/server/easy-rsa/
	# Create the PKI, set up the CA and the server and client certificates
	./easyrsa init-pki
	./easyrsa --batch build-ca nopass
	EASYRSA_CERT_EXPIRE=3650 ./easyrsa build-server-full server nopass
	EASYRSA_CERT_EXPIRE=3650 ./easyrsa build-client-full "$client" nopass
	EASYRSA_CRL_DAYS=3650 ./easyrsa gen-crl
	# Move the stuff we need
	cp pki/ca.crt pki/private/ca.key pki/issued/server.crt pki/private/server.key pki/crl.pem /etc/openvpn/server
	# CRL is read with each client connection, while OpenVPN is dropped to nobody
	chown nobody:"$group_name" /etc/openvpn/server/crl.pem
	# Without +x in the directory, OpenVPN can't run a stat() on the CRL file
	chmod o+x /etc/openvpn/server/
	# Generate key for tls-crypt
	openvpn --genkey --secret /etc/openvpn/server/tc.key
	# Create the DH parameters file using the predefined ffdhe2048 group
	echo '-----BEGIN DH PARAMETERS-----
MIIBCAKCAQEA//////////+t+FRYortKmq/cViAnPTzx2LnFg84tNpWp4TZBFGQz
+8yTnc4kmz75fS/jY2MMddj2gbICrsRhetPfHtXV/WVhJDP1H18GbtCFY2VVPe0a
87VXE15/V8k1mE8McODmi3fipona8+/och3xWKE2rec1MKzKT0g6eXq8CrGCsyT7
YdEIqUuyyOP7uWrat2DX9GgdT0Kj3jlN9K5W7edjcrsZCwenyO4KbXCeAvzhzffi
7MA0BM0oNC9hkXL+nOmFg/+OTxIy7vKBg8P+OxtMb61zO7X8vC7CIAXFjvGDfRaD
ssbzSibBsu/6iGtCOGEoXJf//////////wIBAg==
-----END DH PARAMETERS-----' > /etc/openvpn/server/dh.pem
	# Generate server.conf
	echo "local $ip
port $port
proto $protocol
dev tun
ca ca.crt
cert server.crt
key server.key
dh dh.pem
auth SHA512
tls-crypt tc.key
topology subnet
server 10.8.0.0 255.255.255.0" > /etc/openvpn/server/server.conf
	# IPv6
	if [[ -z "$ip6" ]]; then
		echo 'push "redirect-gateway def1 bypass-dhcp"' >> /etc/openvpn/server/server.conf
	else
		echo 'server-ipv6 fddd:1194:1194:1194::/64' >> /etc/openvpn/server/server.conf
		echo 'push "redirect-gateway def1 ipv6 bypass-dhcp"' >> /etc/openvpn/server/server.conf
	fi
	echo 'ifconfig-pool-persist ipp.txt' >> /etc/openvpn/server/server.conf
	# DNS
	case "$dns" in
		1|"")
			# Locate the proper resolv.conf
			# Needed for systems running systemd-resolved
			if grep -q '^nameserver 127.0.0.53' "/etc/resolv.conf"; then
				resolv_conf="/run/systemd/resolve/resolv.conf"
			else
				resolv_conf="/etc/resolv.conf"
			fi
			# Obtain the resolvers from resolv.conf and use them for OpenVPN
			grep -v '^#\|^;' "$resolv_conf" | grep '^nameserver' | grep -oE '[0-9]{1,3}(\.[0-9]{1,3}){3}' | while read line; do
				echo "push \"dhcp-option DNS $line\"" >> /etc/openvpn/server/server.conf
			done
		;;
		2)
			echo 'push "dhcp-option DNS 8.8.8.8"' >> /etc/openvpn/server/server.conf
			echo 'push "dhcp-option DNS 8.8.4.4"' >> /etc/openvpn/server/server.conf
		;;
		3)
			echo 'push "dhcp-option DNS 1.1.1.1"' >> /etc/openvpn/server/server.conf
			echo 'push "dhcp-option DNS 1.0.0.1"' >> /etc/openvpn/server/server.conf
		;;
		4)
			echo 'push "dhcp-option DNS 208.67.222.222"' >> /etc/openvpn/server/server.conf
			echo 'push "dhcp-option DNS 208.67.220.220"' >> /etc/openvpn/server/server.conf
		;;
		5)
			echo 'push "dhcp-option DNS 9.9.9.9"' >> /etc/openvpn/server/server.conf
			echo 'push "dhcp-option DNS 149.112.112.112"' >> /etc/openvpn/server/server.conf
		;;
		6)
			echo 'push "dhcp-option DNS 94.140.14.14"' >> /etc/openvpn/server/server.conf
			echo 'push "dhcp-option DNS 94.140.15.15"' >> /etc/openvpn/server/server.conf
		;;
	esac
	echo "keepalive 10 120
cipher AES-256-CBC
user nobody
group $group_name
persist-key
persist-tun
status openvpn-status.log
verb 3
crl-verify crl.pem" >> /etc/openvpn/server/server.conf
	if [[ "$protocol" = "udp" ]]; then
		echo "explicit-exit-notify" >> /etc/openvpn/server/server.conf
	fi
	# Enable net.ipv4.ip_forward for the system
	echo 'net.ipv4.ip_forward=1' > /etc/sysctl.d/30-openvpn-forward.conf
	# Enable without waiting for a reboot or service restart
	echo 1 > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/ip_forward
	if [[ -n "$ip6" ]]; then
		# Enable net.ipv6.conf.all.forwarding for the system
		echo "net.ipv6.conf.all.forwarding=1" >> /etc/sysctl.d/30-openvpn-forward.conf
		# Enable without waiting for a reboot or service restart
		echo 1 > /proc/sys/net/ipv6/conf/all/forwarding
	fi
	if systemctl is-active --quiet firewalld.service; then
		# Using both permanent and not permanent rules to avoid a firewalld
		# reload.
		# We don't use --add-service=openvpn because that would only work with
		# the default port and protocol.
		firewall-cmd --add-port="$port"/"$protocol"
		firewall-cmd --zone=trusted --add-source=10.8.0.0/24
		firewall-cmd --permanent --add-port="$port"/"$protocol"
		firewall-cmd --permanent --zone=trusted --add-source=10.8.0.0/24
		# Set NAT for the VPN subnet
		firewall-cmd --direct --add-rule ipv4 nat POSTROUTING 0 -s 10.8.0.0/24 ! -d 10.8.0.0/24 -j SNAT --to "$ip"
		firewall-cmd --permanent --direct --add-rule ipv4 nat POSTROUTING 0 -s 10.8.0.0/24 ! -d 10.8.0.0/24 -j SNAT --to "$ip"
		if [[ -n "$ip6" ]]; then
			firewall-cmd --zone=trusted --add-source=fddd:1194:1194:1194::/64
			firewall-cmd --permanent --zone=trusted --add-source=fddd:1194:1194:1194::/64
			firewall-cmd --direct --add-rule ipv6 nat POSTROUTING 0 -s fddd:1194:1194:1194::/64 ! -d fddd:1194:1194:1194::/64 -j SNAT --to "$ip6"
			firewall-cmd --permanent --direct --add-rule ipv6 nat POSTROUTING 0 -s fddd:1194:1194:1194::/64 ! -d fddd:1194:1194:1194::/64 -j SNAT --to "$ip6"
		fi
	else
		# Create a service to set up persistent iptables rules
		iptables_path=$(command -v iptables)
		ip6tables_path=$(command -v ip6tables)
		# nf_tables is not available as standard in OVZ kernels. So use iptables-legacy
		# if we are in OVZ, with a nf_tables backend and iptables-legacy is available.
		if [[ $(systemd-detect-virt) == "openvz" ]] && readlink -f "$(command -v iptables)" | grep -q "nft" && hash iptables-legacy 2>/dev/null; then
			iptables_path=$(command -v iptables-legacy)
			ip6tables_path=$(command -v ip6tables-legacy)
		fi
		echo "[Unit]
Before=network.target
[Service]
Type=oneshot
ExecStart=$iptables_path -t nat -A POSTROUTING -s 10.8.0.0/24 ! -d 10.8.0.0/24 -j SNAT --to $ip
ExecStart=$iptables_path -I INPUT -p $protocol --dport $port -j ACCEPT
ExecStart=$iptables_path -I FORWARD -s 10.8.0.0/24 -j ACCEPT
ExecStart=$iptables_path -I FORWARD -m state --state RELATED,ESTABLISHED -j ACCEPT
ExecStop=$iptables_path -t nat -D POSTROUTING -s 10.8.0.0/24 ! -d 10.8.0.0/24 -j SNAT --to $ip
ExecStop=$iptables_path -D INPUT -p $protocol --dport $port -j ACCEPT
ExecStop=$iptables_path -D FORWARD -s 10.8.0.0/24 -j ACCEPT
ExecStop=$iptables_path -D FORWARD -m state --state RELATED,ESTABLISHED -j ACCEPT" > /etc/systemd/system/openvpn-iptables.service
		if [[ -n "$ip6" ]]; then
			echo "ExecStart=$ip6tables_path -t nat -A POSTROUTING -s fddd:1194:1194:1194::/64 ! -d fddd:1194:1194:1194::/64 -j SNAT --to $ip6
ExecStart=$ip6tables_path -I FORWARD -s fddd:1194:1194:1194::/64 -j ACCEPT
ExecStart=$ip6tables_path -I FORWARD -m state --state RELATED,ESTABLISHED -j ACCEPT
ExecStop=$ip6tables_path -t nat -D POSTROUTING -s fddd:1194:1194:1194::/64 ! -d fddd:1194:1194:1194::/64 -j SNAT --to $ip6
ExecStop=$ip6tables_path -D FORWARD -s fddd:1194:1194:1194::/64 -j ACCEPT
ExecStop=$ip6tables_path -D FORWARD -m state --state RELATED,ESTABLISHED -j ACCEPT" >> /etc/systemd/system/openvpn-iptables.service
		fi
		echo "RemainAfterExit=yes
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target" >> /etc/systemd/system/openvpn-iptables.service
		systemctl enable --now openvpn-iptables.service
	fi
	# If SELinux is enabled and a custom port was selected, we need this
	if sestatus 2>/dev/null | grep "Current mode" | grep -q "enforcing" && [[ "$port" != 1194 ]]; then
		# Install semanage if not already present
		if ! hash semanage 2>/dev/null; then
			if [[ "$os_version" -eq 7 ]]; then
				# Centos 7
				yum install -y policycoreutils-python
			else
				# CentOS 8 or Fedora
				dnf install -y policycoreutils-python-utils
			fi
		fi
		semanage port -a -t openvpn_port_t -p "$protocol" "$port"
	fi
	# If the server is behind NAT, use the correct IP address
	[[ -n "$public_ip" ]] && ip="$public_ip"
	# client-common.txt is created so we have a template to add further users later
	echo "client
dev tun
proto $protocol
remote $ip $port
resolv-retry infinite
nobind
persist-key
persist-tun
remote-cert-tls server
auth SHA512
cipher AES-256-CBC
ignore-unknown-option block-outside-dns
block-outside-dns
verb 3" > /etc/openvpn/server/client-common.txt
	# Enable and start the OpenVPN service
	systemctl enable --now openvpn-server@server.service
	# Generates the custom client.ovpn
	new_client
	echo
	echo "Finished!"
	echo
	echo "The client configuration is available in:" ~/"$client.ovpn"
	echo "New clients can be added by running this script again."
else
	clear
	echo "OpenVPN is already installed."
	echo
	echo "Select an option:"
	echo "   1) Add a new client"
	echo "   2) Revoke an existing client"
	echo "   3) Remove OpenVPN"
	echo "   4) Exit"
	read -p "Option: " option
	until [[ "$option" =~ ^[1-4]$ ]]; do
		echo "$option: invalid selection."
		read -p "Option: " option
	done
	case "$option" in
		1)
			echo
			echo "Provide a name for the client:"
			read -p "Name: " unsanitized_client
			client=$(sed 's/[^0123456789abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyzABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ_-]/_/g' <<< "$unsanitized_client")
			while [[ -z "$client" || -e /etc/openvpn/server/easy-rsa/pki/issued/"$client".crt ]]; do
				echo "$client: invalid name."
				read -p "Name: " unsanitized_client
				client=$(sed 's/[^0123456789abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyzABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ_-]/_/g' <<< "$unsanitized_client")
			done
			cd /etc/openvpn/server/easy-rsa/
			EASYRSA_CERT_EXPIRE=3650 ./easyrsa build-client-full "$client" nopass
			# Generates the custom client.ovpn
			new_client
			echo
			echo "$client added. Configuration available in:" ~/"$client.ovpn"
			exit
		;;
		2)
			# This option could be documented a bit better and maybe even be simplified
			# ...but what can I say, I want some sleep too
			number_of_clients=$(tail -n +2 /etc/openvpn/server/easy-rsa/pki/index.txt | grep -c "^V")
			if [[ "$number_of_clients" = 0 ]]; then
				echo
				echo "There are no existing clients!"
				exit
			fi
			echo
			echo "Select the client to revoke:"
			tail -n +2 /etc/openvpn/server/easy-rsa/pki/index.txt | grep "^V" | cut -d '=' -f 2 | nl -s ') '
			read -p "Client: " client_number
			until [[ "$client_number" =~ ^[0-9]+$ && "$client_number" -le "$number_of_clients" ]]; do
				echo "$client_number: invalid selection."
				read -p "Client: " client_number
			done
			client=$(tail -n +2 /etc/openvpn/server/easy-rsa/pki/index.txt | grep "^V" | cut -d '=' -f 2 | sed -n "$client_number"p)
			echo
			read -p "Confirm $client revocation? [y/N]: " revoke
			until [[ "$revoke" =~ ^[yYnN]*$ ]]; do
				echo "$revoke: invalid selection."
				read -p "Confirm $client revocation? [y/N]: " revoke
			done
			if [[ "$revoke" =~ ^[yY]$ ]]; then
				cd /etc/openvpn/server/easy-rsa/
				./easyrsa --batch revoke "$client"
				EASYRSA_CRL_DAYS=3650 ./easyrsa gen-crl
				rm -f /etc/openvpn/server/crl.pem
				cp /etc/openvpn/server/easy-rsa/pki/crl.pem /etc/openvpn/server/crl.pem
				# CRL is read with each client connection, when OpenVPN is dropped to nobody
				chown nobody:"$group_name" /etc/openvpn/server/crl.pem
				echo
				echo "$client revoked!"
			else
				echo
				echo "$client revocation aborted!"
			fi
			exit
		;;
		3)
			echo
			read -p "Confirm OpenVPN removal? [y/N]: " remove
			until [[ "$remove" =~ ^[yYnN]*$ ]]; do
				echo "$remove: invalid selection."
				read -p "Confirm OpenVPN removal? [y/N]: " remove
			done
			if [[ "$remove" =~ ^[yY]$ ]]; then
				port=$(grep '^port ' /etc/openvpn/server/server.conf | cut -d " " -f 2)
				protocol=$(grep '^proto ' /etc/openvpn/server/server.conf | cut -d " " -f 2)
				if systemctl is-active --quiet firewalld.service; then
					ip=$(firewall-cmd --direct --get-rules ipv4 nat POSTROUTING | grep '\-s 10.8.0.0/24 '"'"'!'"'"' -d 10.8.0.0/24' | grep -oE '[^ ]+$')
					# Using both permanent and not permanent rules to avoid a firewalld reload.
					firewall-cmd --remove-port="$port"/"$protocol"
					firewall-cmd --zone=trusted --remove-source=10.8.0.0/24
					firewall-cmd --permanent --remove-port="$port"/"$protocol"
					firewall-cmd --permanent --zone=trusted --remove-source=10.8.0.0/24
					firewall-cmd --direct --remove-rule ipv4 nat POSTROUTING 0 -s 10.8.0.0/24 ! -d 10.8.0.0/24 -j SNAT --to "$ip"
					firewall-cmd --permanent --direct --remove-rule ipv4 nat POSTROUTING 0 -s 10.8.0.0/24 ! -d 10.8.0.0/24 -j SNAT --to "$ip"
					if grep -qs "server-ipv6" /etc/openvpn/server/server.conf; then
						ip6=$(firewall-cmd --direct --get-rules ipv6 nat POSTROUTING | grep '\-s fddd:1194:1194:1194::/64 '"'"'!'"'"' -d fddd:1194:1194:1194::/64' | grep -oE '[^ ]+$')
						firewall-cmd --zone=trusted --remove-source=fddd:1194:1194:1194::/64
						firewall-cmd --permanent --zone=trusted --remove-source=fddd:1194:1194:1194::/64
						firewall-cmd --direct --remove-rule ipv6 nat POSTROUTING 0 -s fddd:1194:1194:1194::/64 ! -d fddd:1194:1194:1194::/64 -j SNAT --to "$ip6"
						firewall-cmd --permanent --direct --remove-rule ipv6 nat POSTROUTING 0 -s fddd:1194:1194:1194::/64 ! -d fddd:1194:1194:1194::/64 -j SNAT --to "$ip6"
					fi
				else
					systemctl disable --now openvpn-iptables.service
					rm -f /etc/systemd/system/openvpn-iptables.service
				fi
				if sestatus 2>/dev/null | grep "Current mode" | grep -q "enforcing" && [[ "$port" != 1194 ]]; then
					semanage port -d -t openvpn_port_t -p "$protocol" "$port"
				fi
				systemctl disable --now openvpn-server@server.service
				rm -rf /etc/openvpn/server
				rm -f /etc/systemd/system/openvpn-server@server.service.d/disable-limitnproc.conf
				rm -f /etc/sysctl.d/30-openvpn-forward.conf
				if [[ "$os" = "debian" || "$os" = "ubuntu" ]]; then
					apt-get remove --purge -y openvpn
				else
					# Else, OS must be CentOS or Fedora
					yum remove -y openvpn
				fi
				echo
				echo "OpenVPN removed!"
			else
				echo
				echo "OpenVPN removal aborted!"
			fi
			exit
		;;
		4)
			exit
		;;
	esac
fi

OBS (Open Broadcasting Software) As Video source (for Zoom, Google Meet, Skype, etc) in Ubuntu 20.04

Etc

I used to use my Android smartphone as webcam for Zoom / Skype / Google Meet / etc because my laptop’s webcam is so bad. This is possible thanks to the Droidcam app.

But sometimes there are problems, like the wifi got interference so the video would slow down or freeze for a while. And for long conference / meeting, it got my phone pretty hot because sometimes I have to charge it. And of course I can’t use my phone while it’s being used as webcam.

So I bought Logitech C920 Pro webcam, and started using it instead. In Linux it’s recognized and can bs used straight away.
But you may need to tweak its image quality a bit using guvcview before being used for work.

The picture quality is not as good as my smartphone’s , because my smartphone is heavily processing the images, so it came out even with HDR quality, in real-time. But as a daily work webcam, this Logitech webcam is good enough.

Then I need to start using Green screen as well with this webcam. There’s one problem – my Green screen is not wide enough to cover the webcam’s wide angle.

With Droidcam, this is not a problem, there’s a “Zoom” feature. So I just Zoom-in, until the green screen fills the view.
But since Logitech does not provide any kind of software for this webcam on Linux, I use OBS instead.

Using OBS, I can set up green screen in it, so we don’t need to use Zoom’s green screen / Virtual Background feature. And also that means all other software (Google Meet, Skype, etc) will automatically got the already green screened video from OBS.

To zoom-in in OBS, I just enlarge the webcam’s image box, until the green screen fill the view.
To activate green screen, I use the Chroma key filter.

choose Tools – V4L2 Video Output to enable OBS as Video Source for other software
Make sure to tick the “Auto Start” option
(no green screen tho when I took this screenshot)

To make OBS become a video source, we’ll need to install obs-v4l2sink : https://github.com/CatxFish/obs-v4l2sink

Turned out there are a few problems installing it in Ubuntu 20.04 , we’ll discuss here the workaround for those:

# Another possible solution is using Snap's version of OBS, 
# which already include v4l2loopback kernel module 
# & obs-v4l2sink plugin
# sudo snap install obs-studio.
# sudo modprobe v4l2loopback video_nr=10 card_label=”OBS Video Source” exclusive_caps=1

# If by any reason you can't use this Snap-based solution, 
# then continue : 


# download needed software for compilation
sudo apt-get update ; sudo apt-get install -y install obs-studio git cmake build-essential libobs-dev ffmpeg qtbase5-dev

cd /tmp ; mkdir myobscode ; cd myobscode

# get OBS' source code
git clone --recursive https://github.com/obsproject/obs-studio.git

# get plugin's source code
git clone https://github.com/CatxFish/obs-v4l2sink

# compile the OBS plugin
cd ~/obs-v4l2sink
mkdir build && cd build
cmake -DLIBOBS_INCLUDE_DIR="../../obs-studio/libobs" -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/usr ..

make -j4
sudo make install
sudo cp v4l2sink.so /usr/lib/obs-plugins/
sudo cp /usr/lib/obs-plugins/v4l2sink.so /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/obs-plugins/

# Turned out we need to compile and build v4l2loopback by ourselves - this is because the Ubuntu's version is too old
# Thanks to user jplandrain : 
# https://github.com/CatxFish/obs-v4l2sink/issues/54#issuecomment-722966599
cd ..
sudo apt-get remove v4l2loopback-dkms
git clone --branch v0.12.5 https://github.com/umlaeute/v4l2loopback.git
cd v4l2loopback
make && sudo make install

# make v4l2loopback automatically loaded by kernel after reboot
echo "v4l2loopback" >> /etc/modules-load.d/modules.conf
echo 'options v4l2loopback video_nr=2' >> /etc/modprobe.d/v4l2loopback.conf

echo 'options v4l2loopback card_label="VirtualCam"' >> /etc/modprobe.d/v4l2loopback.conf

echo 'options v4l2loopback exclusive_caps=1' >> /etc/modprobe.d/v4l2loopback.conf

# load the loopback module into kernel now
sudo modprobe v4l2loopback video_nr=10 card_label="OBS Video Source" exclusive_caps=1

# start OBS - now there should be a new menu : 
#     Tools - V4L2 Video Output
# also you'll need to tick "Autostart" option after choosing that menu
obs &